In Trek '09 the method of time travel was through a black hole, which I don’t think has been done in Trek previously. The closest thing was Enterprise’s Mirror Universe two parter, where we learned where the TOS era USS Defiant ended up after the events of The Tholian Web. It not only fell into a parallel universe, but a hundred years in the past.

Unlike the old slingshot around the sun maneuver, there was no control over where or when you end up. Even Nero didn’t know he was in the past at first. And Spock prime didn’t arrive until years afterward.