There was meant to be a bit more training on Dagobah as seen in the deleted scenes… But It honestly was not much. And it also was not that fitting either fighting with training remotes or cutting up a silver metal bar.

I think the whole idea was Luke left prematurely before completing his training and that is reflected well enough. Unless you put up a card that says 2 weeks later on it there is not much chance to show time passing but a brief montage could have done that perhaps to music.

I even thought about a shot of the planet in space might be able to achieve that time passing effect somehow… But like I said Luke still leaves early anyway so there really is’nt anything to fix.

Or you make it so Luke arrives on Dagobah earlier pushing the the sequences in to a different order, it also was not meant to be on any maps though something that got recycled in attack of the clones. The script has the the film in a very different order of sequence.