Yes I can see what you're saying, that's some very useful info LM. I did not realise that Laserdiscs repeated frames for pulldown, I thought that they'd just encode the repeated field twice. I had not initially thought of the rotation speed, however for NTSC TV material that is native 30fps (and so every field is encoded), does that require a different rotation speed? From what I now know I would say modding the X0 for PAL output is impractical.