There is a difference between puritans (the ethical and moral censorious mode) and the Puritans (a historical movement within Christianity).
Pagans, Non-Christians and Non-Theists can be puritanical right?
I'm not saying that the region we call the Third World was a Utopia before Western settlement but the problems it has now are largely caused by European colonists (the most successful being of a puritanical bent regardless of their denomination or sect).
The whole notion of sexuality as a spiritual pollutant, the primacy of authority attributed to the male gender the veneration of poverty and the devotional aspect of the veneration of labour are all part of the puritanical ethos spread by colonialism.
Some of these are actual Puritan traits too.
The Puritans were largely responsible for the English Civil War which turned England into a state resembling a modern Third World country which had wider implications for Ireland and Scotland.
They didn't do the native Americans much good either.