Thanks, Antcufaalb. I'll have a go with avs2avi; however, as I can't encode with x264 either, I'm not sure it will help.
I would also like to thank Andrea, who sent me this via PM.
I had initial problems maybe be due to the fact I used wrong avisynth.dll and/or setmemorymax/setmtmode - to be sure, I downloaded avisynth 2.6, and don't use setmemorymax/setmtmode when using colourlikeFBF.
So, yes, I definitely have not problems with colourlikeFBF.
By the way, when I had them, the picture was clearly not "colorliked" and an error message appeared on the screen.
Hope you could solve your problems soon!
I think this confirms that it's a problem on my end and not the filter/function.