The fictional universe of Star Trek (2009) shares continuity with the series Enterprise where political entities from the future were routinely using time travel to alter the past.
If you were to continue the design ethic of the NX-01 Enterprise into the time of the USS Kelvin the over all design does connect.
The continuation of that ethic evolution to the alternate NCC-1701 is also consistent.
The blast wave from a supernova 100 light years away wouldn't shatter Romulus but the radiation pressure from resultant gamma ray bursts could.