How much training did Luke actually get from Yoda? "A few weeks" does seem to match the amount of growth we witness in Luke-- but how much time actually passes between Han and Leia escaping the base on Hoth and then Han being frozen in carbonite? Weeks? That feels more like a couple days. And Luke arrives on Bespin in time to watch Han's march from the freezing chamber to the Slave 1.
I guess if we grant that the cross-cutting between Han and Luke is not meant to be simultaneous then Han could have been tortured and imprisoned for weeks before being frozen. But that's not what it seems like.
From what we actually see in ESB, it seems Luke could only have trained for as much time as it took Han to fly to Bespin, miss dinner and then get frozen. What's that, like two days? Three? Leia does fall in love, so maybe it's a week? I don't know. Still, pretty clearly less time than one should need to become a self-declared Jedi.
But that's just part of the whacky charm of the OT. The individual Star Wars fan has to mend the inconsistencies of the movies each in his own way. I do believe a great movie is hiding inside of ROTJ and I think Possessed is digging it out.