I know when ROTJ was being made, Lucas intended Luke’s black outfit to be the standard Jedi uniform (at least in style, if not necessarily colour). Also Children of the Jedi implies that Jedi masters specifically wore black cloaks. So this led me to believe prequel-era Jedi were distinguished by rank by their regalia.

Jedi apprentice: simple double-breasted black jumpsuit.
Jedi knight: jumpsuit + tunic w. tabard
Jedi master: jumpsuit + robe w. tabard + cloak (a black version of Luke’s TFA outfit essentially)