I took the cut from Finn asking “Where’s Rey?” to Rey handing the saber to Luke as being a cut back in time a few days at least. The chase is happening in real time and Rey’s attempt to bring Luke back catches up to the present. At least, she’d need more than one night for everything to occur.

…but maybe that depends on how fast hyperspace is and how far their jump to lightspeed took them. (Surely someone here knows the answer to that.) Because it seems like the chase story and battle would have taken around a day’s time.

JEDIT:

Zachary VIII said:
A lot of it has to do with the time period between TFA and TLJ. TFA ended in a cliffhanger, meaning that TLJ had to answer it immediately. If there was somehow a timeskip between the two, a lot of the plot holes you brought up wouldn’t exist.