I don't believe the signal is different at all between CAV and CLV. LDs are not digital, so the concept of bitrate is a red herring.
I'd forgotten that LD doesn't store a digitised signal (I think it encodes by the [analogue] length of pits and bumps). But VHS tapes aren't digital either, and if you record in Long Play you get a noticeably worse picture. From a Laserdisc FAQ:
CAV also provides constantly improving signal-to-noise ratio as the program proceeds toward the outer edge, but this is typically not that noticeable on properly manufactured discs.
I'd forgotten that LD doesn't store a digitised signal (I think it encodes by the [analogue] length of pits and bumps). But VHS tapes aren't digital either, and if you record in Long Play you get a noticeably worse picture. From a Laserdisc FAQ:
CAV also provides constantly improving signal-to-noise ratio as the program proceeds toward the outer edge, but this is typically not that noticeable on properly manufactured discs.
I'd question the second part, unless all the CLV+CAV discs I've ever had were improperly manufactured.
There's more technical stuff here: http://www.modeemi.fi/~leopold/AV/LdFaq/Introduction.html#MediumClvCavQuality
DE