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Post Praetorian said:
RicOlie_2 said:
I think the burden of proof would be dependent, not on location, but on who made the claim. For instance, if this Muslim declared to his colleague that "There is no God but Allah, and Mohammad is his prophet," he would have to back himself up. If he overheard a conversation between two atheists who were expressing their disbelief in God, and he wanted to contest that point, the onus would be on him to support his theistic worldview, despite the assertion that there is no God having been made by others, since he would be challenging the claim.
In the first instance, he made the claim, and accordingly, he needed to back it up. In the second instance, he also made a claim that a previous assertion was false. Had the original party asserted that the holocaust had never happened--there simply wasn't any evidence for it--and he had disputed it, the onus would still have been on him to show that they were wrong, since it was he who intruded on the conversation to add his input. The burden of proof could easily shift, however. For instance, if the Muslim man showed a photograph of the aftermath of a gas chamber, with a Nazi flag visible in the photo, and one of the holocaust-deniers said it was photoshopped, the latter would have to support his claim.
The reason I think the minority position has the burden of proof by default is because it is they who are asserting that most people are wrong in a particular area. If they want anyone to pay any attention, they have to make their case. If a member of the majority disputes one of the reasons given by the minority for holding their position, the onus shifts to the member of the majority to back up their reason for disagreeing on a particular point, and so forth.
These are fine and clear points and I thank you for them. Three things more must be inquired upon if not too great a burden...
If a theist and an atheist might be the sole occupants of the International Space Station, during a global devastation that is assumed to eliminate the remainder of mankind. The theist is prepared to claim the event as a retribution from God whilst the atheist is about to blame the cause of the conflict on religion. Is the burden of proof upon the one who might first speak? Supposing it is the theist who speaks first, but the atheist does not at first hear. Then supposing the atheist speaks, thinking he is first. Must they both bear then the burden of proof?
In this case, two separate claims are being made. Thus, both bear the burden of proof. If, when our hypothetical theist claims the event is retribution from God, the atheist asserts that the theist is wrong, the onus is now on the atheist to prove the theist wrong.
Supposing still further that the atheist might be deaf and unable to hear the theist whilst the theist might be able to understand neither the signing nor the written word of the atheist. To whom might belong the burden of proof in such an instance?
Either the burden of proof would function no differently than otherwise, or, due to the difficulty of communication, the pair ought to stop arguing, seeing as they have the rest of their lives to live in solitude and would do better trying to get along.
Finally, supposing a woman might be put on trial as a witch. Allowing that it may be agreed that the burden of proof must needs be with her accusers, supposing said burden is one with which the community is in accord and all have agreed has been readily provided both in visible fact and by testimonial witness. Supposing all willingly recognize this evidence save the accused. Is the burden of disproof now at her feet as a member of the minority?
In this scenario, the legal burden of proof, rather than the philosophical one, would be deferred to. The burden of proof would naturally fall to her, however, since she has no way of saving herself if she places it on her accusers, who would not feel obligated to prove anything when there was no disagreement save among the accused.