They’re basically fudging all of that stuff. If this were really the prime timeline, why aren’t they wearing the sweater-looking uniforms from The Cage?
Instead they seem to have taken the Kelvin set and costumes and simply extrapolated out that in the original timeline things looked … not very different twenty years later?
No doubt the writers will explain away the inconsistencies in an interview or something. Kurtzman and Orci said somewhere that everything looks way more advanced in the Kelvin timeline because the escape shuttles took scans of the Narada and Starfleet learned all this late 24th century technology (including the Borg stuff used to grow the flower-shaped structure around the ship) 154 years ahead of time.