I am responding to a comment imperialscum made in the Random Thoughts thread here, as it is better suited for this thread.
imperialscum said:
darth_ender said:
I am afraid that this is all a bunch of ignorance. I don't disagree that people who are without religion can still hold high moral standards. But bear in mind where those standards came from. Right now you are from the UK if I recall correctly. Your nation has been tremendously influenced by Judeo-Christian values. Let's say that the world was taken over by the Islamic State. Over time, societal norms conform to those accepted by what we now see as an evil group.
First, you are saying that one religion will protect us from the other, which is kind of a paradox in this discussion. So if it is the religion that may harm us in the first place, why don't we just get rid of all religions if they are the problem?
Had you read his post in full, you would have noted that he showed that religion itself is not the problem, as the Soviet Union and North Korea help demonstrate.
darth_ender said:
In 100 years, a guy very much like you wishes to live a life with morals much like yours. Do you know what would happen? This man would be branded a heretic and executed for apostasy. You know why, because he would be living a life if immorality according to a different society, though his standards may be exactly like yours today. Lest you use this as an argument against religion due to the extremism of such Muslims, I do wish to point out that even atheistic societies like North Korea and the Soviet Union have adopted truly evil norms.
I hope that this was some kind of joke. You speak like Christianity gave us freedom and stuff. You better learn the history of Europe. The Church (in the name of Christianity) was exploiting people for centuries (it still does to a lesser degree). Funny how you mentioned "branding one a heretic" and executions in the name of religion. In medieval Europe, that was a very common practice of Church ... burning people alive, invention of unimaginably sick torture devices to extract the "confessions" out of "heretics", etc. The Church actively suppressed the freedom and sabotaged the secular progress in Europe for many centuries (Copernicus, Galileo, etc.).
You speak as if people's torture was caused by religion. A quick look at some tyrannical, non-religious governments will dispel that notion. Religion was thickly intertwined with politics during the Middle Ages, and many so-called religious leaders could be considered more political leaders than anything. The human organization called the Catholic Church was often filled with corrupt people, seeking power and control.
Here is the Wikipedia article on the Medieval Inquisition (which preceded the Spanish Inquisition).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Inquisition
Under "History" the following paragraph may be found:
Wikipedia says:
Another reason for Pope Gregory IX's creation of the Inquisition was to bring order and legality to the process of dealing with heresy, since there had been tendencies by mobs of townspeople to burn alleged heretics without much of a trial. Pope Gregory's original intent for the Inquisition was a court of exception to inquire into and glean the beliefs of those differing from Catholic teaching, and to instruct them in the orthodox doctrine. It was hoped that heretics would see the falsity of their opinion and would return to the Roman Catholic Church. If they persisted in their heresy, however, Pope Gregory, finding it necessary to protect the Catholic community from infection, would have suspects handed over to civil authorities, since public heresy was a crime under civil law as well as Church law. The secular authorities would apply their own brands of punishment for civil disobedience which, at the time, included burning at the stake.[4] Over centuries the tribunals took different forms, investigating and stamping out various forms of heresy, including witchcraft.
Several things may be noted here.
One is that religious fervour was strong in the early Middle Ages. In this way, religion could be blamed for a great many things. However, upon examination of non-religious societies, we see huge atrocities that have nothing to do with religion. A prime example is the Holocaust. Had Hitler lived in the Middle Ages, religion would have been used as a means of perpetrating it. He would have recalled how the Jews were responsible for Jesus' death, conveniently forgetting that Jesus was himself a Jew. In the end, people like you would be blaming that holocaust on religion, despite it clearly not having had religious causes in World War II. When one delves further into the history behind such things as the Inquisition, and one expands one's knowledge of history, it becomes clear that it is not religion that is at fault. It is humankind itself, which is a fallen race in the theology of the Abrahamic religions, and clearly not a perfect one from any point of view.
In the same way that you place blame on religion, I could place blame on liberty. In our society today, unborn babies can be killed, being denied their chance to live, in the name of other's "freedom." Yet freedom is most clearly not a bad thing. It is through people's freedom that many crimes have been committed. Were people examined before getting on the subway or the bus as they are before taking an airplane, I'm sure several terrorist attacks would never have happened. However, I am strongly opposed to such security measures, and think security should be decreased at airports. (I also think that terrorists will just find other means of causing destruction if one way is cut off.) That isn't to say I am opposed to security altogether, but that I would rather take a minute risk of being blown to pieces than lose my privacy and freedom. The government would have to have to be Big Brother in order to truly put an end to terrorism.
Again, I don't see many people condemning liberty because of what it allows. It clearly has benefits, and I think it is clear that religion has benefits as well. The times when society's morals are the lowest seem to correspond with decrease in genuine religious conviction. This can be seen in the Middle Ages, during which religion was often a means of achieving power, and few followed the actual teachings of the Catholic Church.
A second thing may be noted by the above quote. That is that the pope who founded this particular inquisition did so hoping to give the heretics a fair trial. He wanted to protect innocent people from the mobs. The mob mentality has always been a part of humanity. We see it today when people riot, or when they condemn an innocent person due to reverse racism, or when they gang up on gay people, or when people opposing gay marriage get ganged up on because they are so clearly medieval-minded and have no compassion, or when people get ganged up on for condemning the sexual depravity rampant in our society, and the glorification of sexual pleasure separated entirely from love. That again has nothing to do with religion.
Note also that burning at the stake was the secular punishment for heresy. Heresy meant social disorder, and social disorder was not something any monarchs etc. wanted. A state religion was a good way to preserve order. I think many false, polytheistic religions developed in large part because it was one of the best ways to unify primitive peoples. I think religion's success in that respect is one of the reasons we're not all members of tribes living in grass huts today.
Naturally, people could not be condemned for heresy without religion. But without religion, governments would still have needed to preserve public order. There is absolutely no reason to believe that they wouldn't have burnt people at the stake just because there was no religion. There would have been other forms of dissent, and people would have been executed for other reasons, but they would still have been executed.
A final thing I would like to point out about that quote is that condemnation of heresy was done partly out of concern for people's souls. When one believes that someone is going to live for eternity, and that that eternity could be spent in paradise or in hell, then our short existence on earth seems to matter far less than the bigger picture. Thus, heresies were stamped out, not just to maintain control, but because the Church didn't want many people ending up in hell, the popular belief being that only practicing Catholics would go to heaven.
Moving on to the Spanish Inquisition:
Wikipedia says:
Various motives have been proposed for the monarchs' decision to found the Inquisition such as increasing political authority, weakening opposition, suppressing conversos, profiting from confiscation of the property of convicted heretics, reducing social tensions, and protecting the kingdom from the danger of a fifth column.
Of those, only the suppression of conversos can be said to be a religious reason. Their suppression can easily be said to be political, however, and ties in with the final reason quoted.
Of possible interest is that the Spanish Inquisition rarely tortured those it tried, as discussed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition#Torture.
It was only when secular sphere (such as science), led by intellectuals, forced the Church to change and accept new norms that were demanded by the people. So I hope we are now clear on the fact that it is the secular sphere to be credited for the modern western society and NOT the religion.
Galileo was Catholic, and was friendly with Pope Urban VIII until he offended the pope by publishing arguments that the pope had made against his theory in a book, with the arguments portrayed as coming from a simpleton. Urban VIII had given Galileo permission to write about his theory, but took offense at the personal attack. Thus, Galileo's insensitivity is partly at fault as well.
Galileo's condemnation as a heretic as well as Copernicus' condemnation can be blamed as being caused by religion, and I can concede you that. However, that was not grounded in Catholic doctrine, but rather in a literal interpretation of the Bible which was never officially infallible, and is not an intrinsic problem of religion, but rather a misuse of it.
Take a look at this list of Roman Catholic scientists found on Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_cleric-scientists
Many of those listed are among the greatest scientists that have ever lived. The man who came up with the Big Bang theory was a priest. Few of those men felt that their scientific endeavours conflicted with their religion. A few of the earlier ones did indeed have trouble with the Church, but it remains to be demonstrated that religion itself is a problem. Certain religious mindsets are the problem. One would not say that government ought to be abolished because dictatorships and fascist regimes have caused a great deal of evil, one would say that dictatorship and fascism ought to be abolished. In the same way, it is certain mentalities within religion that we should discourage and seek to eliminate, not religion itself.
It is fair to mention that in northern countries the Church wasn't forced but rather reformed itself. But still, the reformation was a result of influence and progress in the secular sphere.
Your latter statement is not supported by any history I have read on the Protestant Reformation. It was many people's dissatisfaction with the abuses by the clergy of the Catholic Church, and certain doctrines that brought it about. Secularism had nothing to do with it, as far as I am aware, and expect to be aware in the future.
The religious wars that resulted had religion as there cause. But again, the wars were contrary to the doctrines of the religions involved, and war was never a product of religion. If people aren't fighting over religion, they're fighting for economic or political reasons. There is absolutely no evidence that secularism would remedy this in any way, so unless you produce some, I must conclude that religion is not itself the problem—people are.
darth_ender said:
Lest you use this as an argument against religion due to the extremism of such Muslims
Some Muslim countries have their "middle age" as we had ours in Europe. A common denominator in both cases is/was a religion.
Don't forget the medieval-minded people. I don't know of any nations that went through their "Middle Age" as a secular state, so it is almost impossible to say if religion is really the cause, and not just a good launching platform for the violence we are seeing today. Again, I do not really think religion itself is the problem.
darth_ender said:
I do wish to point out that even atheistic societies like North Korea and the Soviet Union have adopted truly evil norms.
Of course there are some exceptions. But a vast majority of atheistic societies (EU countries) are doing very well in terms of moral norms.
You must realize that that is subjective if there is no God, and thus no definitive "truth." I do not agree with you at all. I think abortion is evil, and that is only in a small part due to my religion. I also think Euthanasia is wrong, and it is far too easy to abuse. Note also that their moral systems are founded upon those of Christianity.
Btw this sounded like you consider USA a theocracy? It is kinda funny that it actually have some elements of theocracy, such as the use of bible in court. As an atheist, can you refuse to participate in that ritual?
It doesn't sound as if he considered the U.S.A. a theocracy, but rather that he considered there to be enough of a religious presence in his country that it cannot be identified as "atheistic."
Here I diverge from addressing your above quote and expand upon my earlier statement about being able to thank religion for hospitals.
Here is Wikipedia's history of hospitals, beginning when they really took off and weren't just people flocking to temples to be healed by imaginary gods:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital#Roman_Empire
If you read it, it is clear enough that Christianity can be thanked for the medical system we have today. When Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire, hospitals were founded in every major city, and it spread from there, with many religious orders being founded to care for the sick and poor. The first charities developed this way, and we can thank Christianity for them in a large part.
I now await the inevitable bunny skyscraper....